Bragg Diffraction: Unlocking the Secrets of Crystal Structure
Understanding the Reflection of X-Rays in Regular Crystals
A Journey into the Realm of Crystalline Order
In the realm of physics, Bragg diffraction is a fascinating phenomenon that provides invaluable insights into the intricate structure of crystals. It is a technique that utilizes the scattering of X-rays or other electromagnetic radiation to determine the arrangement of atoms within a crystalline lattice. By analyzing the angles at which the radiation is reflected, scientists can decipher the spacing between atomic planes and gain a comprehensive understanding of the crystal's structure.
The fundamental principle behind Bragg diffraction lies in the wave-like nature of X-rays. When X-rays encounter a regular lattice of atoms, they behave like waves coherently scattering from each atom. The scattered waves then interfere with one another, producing constructive and destructive interference depending on their phase relationship. This interference pattern gives rise to specific angles of reflection, known as Bragg peaks, which hold crucial information about the crystal's structure.
The relationship between the wavelength of the X-rays, the spacing between atomic planes in the crystal, and the angles of reflection is described by Bragg's law. This law states that the path length difference between X-rays scattered from adjacent atomic planes must be an integer multiple of the wavelength for constructive interference to occur. By measuring the Bragg angles and applying Bragg's law, scientists can determine the spacing between atomic planes and subsequently deduce the crystal's structure.
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